Look at the figure dead-centre: knees bent, body coiled into a violent diagonal, the neck of a bass guitar driven down toward the stage like an axe mid-swing. You can't see his face. You don't need to. Every line of the body — the bent spine, the rigid arms, the planted boots — is loss of control frozen a fraction of a second before the wood splinters.

This is Paul Simonon, bassist of The Clash, at the New York Palladium on 21 September 1979. He was demolishing his Fender Precision Bass out of pure frustration: bouncers wouldn't let the seated crowd stand up. He never blamed the instrument. 'I wasn't taking it out on the bass guitar, cos there ain't anything wrong with it,' he told Fender in 2011. 'That frustrated me to the point that I destroyed this bass guitar... Unfortunately you always sort of tend to destroy the things you love.'

The woman who caught it almost wasn't there. Pennie Smith had met the band in 1976 through her NME work and shadowed them across their 1979 US tour, and she nearly skipped the Palladium show entirely. She did go — and her shutter snapped at exactly the right instant. The picture is grainy, slightly soft, the background dissolving into a smear of monitor cables, stage lights and the pale ghosts of distant figures. Smith thought it was too out of focus to use. Joe Strummer and designer Ray Lowry, poring over hundreds of her tour photographs on the contact sheet, disagreed. Strummer pointed and said, 'That one.'

The blur is the whole point. The lack of sharpness is what makes the swing feel like motion, like something happening rather than something posed. In 2002, Q magazine named it the best rock and roll photograph ever taken, calling it 'the ultimate rock'n'roll moment – total loss of control.' The accident Smith wanted to throw away became the definitive image of the band.

Now notice the lettering. Down the left edge, in hot pink block capitals stacked vertically, runs L-O-N-D-O-N. Across the bottom, in fat green serif letters, CALLING. Up top, casual and small in white italic, 'The Clash.' Lowry's layout was a deliberate, knowing salute to the cover of Elvis Presley's 1956 self-titled debut — the same pink-down-the-side, green-across-the-bottom typography that announced rock and roll's arrival twenty-three years earlier. Lowry took a 1956 idea and welded it to a 1979 explosion, planting punk firmly in a lineage it pretended to reject.

The collision works because of the contrast. The photograph is black, grey and silver — smoke, shadow, the bleached white of stage light on Simonon's shirt. Then the candy-pink and grass-green letters detonate over it, lurid and almost cheerful against all that monochrome violence. The eye lands first on the swinging body, then climbs the pink spine, then drops to the green word at the bottom and the loop closes.

London Calling arrived as a double album in the UK on 14 December 1979 via CBS Records — punk and new wave sprawling across four sides. At the end of 1980 it topped The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll as best album of the year, and Robert Christgau, in his essay, couldn't resist singling out 'that Elvis P. cover!' A blurry photo nobody wanted, dressed up in the typeface of the man who started it all, capturing the precise instant before a beloved bass shattered on a New York stage.